Stress in trees can be caused by both abiotic and biotic factors. Trees are by the most part very resilient, and have the ability to adapt to certain stresses so that their development and internal function is maintained. The stresses placed on trees can be either reversible or permanent depending on the severity of the stressing agent (Bussotti & Pollastrini, 2021). Drought is an example of an abiotic stress, that can have different effects on a range of tree species.
